BTNL2, a Butyrophilin-Like Molecule That Functions to Inhibit T Cell Activation

BTNL2, a butyrophilin/B7-like molecule, is a negative costimulatory molecule modulated in intestinal inflammation.

Butyrophilin-like 2 (BTNL2) is a butyrophilin family member with homology to the B7 costimulatory molecules, polymorphisms of which have been recently associated through genetic analyses to sporadic inclusion body myositis and sarcoidosis. We have characterized the full structure, expression, and function of BTNL2. Structural analysis of BTNL2 shows a molecule with an extracellular region conta...

A butyrophilin family member critically inhibits T cell activation.

The costimulatory molecules in the B7-CD28 families are important in the regulation of T cell activation and tolerance. The butyrophilin family of proteins shares sequence and structure homology with B7 family molecules; however, the function of the butyrophilin family in the immune system has not been defined. In this study, we performed an analysis on multiple butyrophilin molecules and found...

Multiple Myeloma Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Inhibit CD8+ T Cell Function in a Process that May Implicate Fibroblast Activation Protein α

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant plasma cell proliferative disorder with limited immunotherapy treatment because of T cell dysfunction. Objective: To investigate the immunomodulatory function of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MM-BMSCs) on CD8+ T cells. Methods: Proliferation and cytotoxicity were detected by c...

Functions to Inhibit NK Cell Lysis Class I-Like Molecule (UL142) That Human Cytomegalovirus Encodes an MHC

Epithelia Use Butyrophilin-like Molecules to Shape Organ-Specific γδ T Cell Compartments

Many body surfaces harbor organ-specific γδ T cell compartments that contribute to tissue integrity. Thus, murine dendritic epidermal T cells (DETCs) uniquely expressing T cell receptor (TCR)-Vγ5 chains protect from cutaneous carcinogens. The DETC repertoire is shaped by Skint1, a butyrophilin-like (Btnl) gene expressed specifically by thymic epithelial cells and suprabasal keratinocytes. Howev...